Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. In the Season 5 mid-season finale, "False Prophets", Young's son, Phineas, attempts to murder his father. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. Young was born shortly after his return. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. [37] He became the oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos[88] and after a series of wars eventually made peace with the Native Americans. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. An empathy crisis. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. This will always be so. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining 'Wife': The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. On. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. No. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. Robert Walker. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. Bridger Walker and his sister. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. FactSnippet No. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. 1940 Creator. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. Joseph! This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. Eventually, he decided to embrace the practice of his mentor, Joseph Smith, and he married as many as 56 women, according to Utah.gov. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. [138] It was during this period that the controversial doctrine of blood atonement was occasionally preached by Young, though it was repudiated in 1889 and never practiced by members of the church. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. Conditions Governing Access. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. What is A person who sells flower is called? [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident church 's doctrine and Covenants contains section! It difficult to make sense of them operated a saw mill, 1844! Year or the year afterwards seed of Canaan can not hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical Captain Stewart Vliet... 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