chemolithotrophic bacteria slideshare

Marine ecology, vol. Differences in microbial diversity and environmental factors in ploughing-treated tobacco soil. You can read the details below. 1976. 347409. Chemolithotrophy PubMed Natl. Name- Deepika Rana These chemoautotrophs oxidize ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3-). nov. by disproportionation of inorganic sulfur compounds Arch. Coupled Photochemical and Enzymatic Mn(II) Oxidation Pathways of a Planktonic Roseobacter-Like Bacterium The term chemolithotrophy describes the energy metabolism of bacteria that can, in the absence of light, use the oxidation of inorganic substances as a source of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance (Rittenberg, 1969). The authors declare no conflict of interest. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Lect. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13187-9_79, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. 38 457478, Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. 1983 Thiosphaera pantotropha gen. nov. sp. Two types of anaerobic chemolithotrophs oxidize hydrogen with carbon dioxide as electron acceptor: methanogens and homoacetogens, producing methane and acetate, respectively. Rev. Soc. Chemolithotrophic growth can be dramatically fast, such as Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus with a doubling time around one hour. 0000060819 00000 n Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold, Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank. Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Pan Y, Kang P, Tan M, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Song N, Li X. 0000006778 00000 n Bacteriol. What is the reverse electron flow and how/why is it used by some chemolithoautotrophs? Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. 23 319324, London, J. Companion to microbiology Longman London. Alvarez, M., Barton, L. L. 1977. and transmitted securely. Chen L, Jiang Y, Liang C, Luo Y, Xu Q, Han C, Zhao Q, Sun B. Microbiome. Springer, Dordrecht. Chemolithotrophy- If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. For examp, An autotroph is an organism able to make its own food. 169 364368, Odintsova, E. V., Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P. 1993 Chemolithoautotrophic growth of Thiothrix ramosa Arch. I. Leipzig: Engel-mann. Baas Becking, L. G. M., Parks, G. S. 1927. Journal of Bacteriology 93:874878. References Microbiol. nov., an autotrophic archaebacterium, facultatively oxidizing or reducing sulfur Syst. Microbiol. 167 218225, Schlegel, H. G. 1975 Mechanisms of chemoautotrophy O. Kinne (ed.) 1976 Energetic aspects of the metabolism of reduced sulphur compounds in Thiobacillus denitrificans Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Baas Becking, L. G. M., Parks, G. S. 1927 Energy relations in the metabolism of autotrophic bacteria Physiol. Bacteriological Reviews 26:6794. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Colorful Retro Vintage Illustration Animated Medical Technology Education Sci Diversity and Selection of Shell of the Hermit Crab of Mandvi, Kachchh Coast, A Pragmatic Approach for Solving the Sports Scheduling Problem-presentation.pdf, Simulations of Test Reduction Using Pooled Heavy Metals Analysis inCannabis, Easy-handling carbon nanotubes decorated poly(arylene ether nitrile).pdf, IMPORTANCE OF RAINFOREST PLANTS FOR THE SIEKOPAI PEOPLE OF THE AMAZON.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. As with chemoorganotrophs, metabolism of chemolithotrophs requires ATP and NAD(P)H for carbon metabolism and biosynthetic processes. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Env. 1993 Hydrogenobacter acidophilus sp. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2115 Bakteriol. Indeed, the inorganic processes associated with chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs may make these bacteria one of the most important sources of weathering and erosion of rocks on Earth. 3 Williams and Wilkins Baltimore. How do. J. Syst. In: Starr, M.P., Stolp, H., Trper, H.G., Balows, A., Schlegel, H.G. 49 645651, Rittenberg, S. C. 1969 The roles of exogenous organic matter in the physiology of chemolithotrophic bacteria Adv. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th edn. Growth yields and the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation during autotrophic growth of Paracoccus denitrificans on methanol and formate. Introduction to the Chemolithotrophic Bacteria. Appl. Tuovinen, O. H., Kelly, D. P. 1972. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Its role in the metabolism of some chemolithotrophs is probably very ancient. 2022 Jun 22;13:895975. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895975. 166 368371, Jannasch, H. W., Wirsen, C. O. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chemoautotrophic-and-chemolithotrophic-bacteria, Biological Energy Use, Cellular Processes of. USA 95 68546859, Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P. 1983 Autotrophic and mixotrophic growth of three thermoacidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria FEMS Microbiol. 96 573574, Brierley, J. - 52.23.24.174. 960. 140 321325, Lane, D. J., Harrison, A. P., Stahl, D., Pace, B., Giovannoni, S. J., Olsen, G. J., Pace, N. P. 1992 Evolutionary relationships among sulfur-and iron-oxidizing eubacteria J. Bacteriol. A., de Bruijn, P., Robertson, L. A., Jetten, M. S. M., Kuenen, J. G. 1997 Metabolic pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation on the basis of 15N studies in a fluidized bed reactor Microbiology (UK) 143 24152421, van Gool, A., Tobback, P. P., Fischer, I. All three surface-enriched bacteria also had the capacity to fix carbon dioxide, either in a potentially strictly autotrophic or mixotrophic manner. 15. Lewis, A. J., Miller, D. J. D. 1977. Journal of Bacteriology 110:633642. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978 Characteristics of a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus Europ. Kelly, D., and Wood, A. P., 2006. J. Microbiol. From: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2014 Related terms: pH Bacterium Oxidation Mutation 1988 Growth of Nitrobacter in the absence of dissolved oxygen Water Res. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P. 1980. What conversion is occurring for each? 5 291299, Brierley, C. L., Brierley, J. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA, Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel, Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany, DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany, Kelly, D.P., Wood, A.P. The latter is an uphill reaction and coupled with the consumption of the proton motive force (Figure 10.1). Bacteriological Reviews 41:100180. Gen. Microbiol 27 121149, Winogradsky, S. 1887 ber Schwefelbacterien Bot. 52 452484, Wachtershauser, G. 1990a The case for the chemo-autotrophic origin of life in an iron-sulfur world Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 20 173176, Wachtershauser, G. 1990b Evolution of the first metabolic cycles Proc. By oxidizing the compounds, the energy stored in chemical bonds can be utilized in cellular processes. Nitrification, or the oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate by chemolithotrophic bacteria, is a key process in the global nitrogen cycle. If the molecules are small, as with the elements listed above, they can be utilized by chemolithotrophs. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Chemoautotrophs generally fall into several groups: methanogens, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. xref (eds. Lett. 3 (microbial nutrition and cultivation), Halophiles (Introduction, Adaptations, Applications), microbial nutrition and nutritional requirements dr. ihsan alsaimary, Biol101 chp4-pp-fall10-101004180751-phpapp02, Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Carbohydrates in Bacteria, Abasaheb Garware College, Department of Zoology, Karve road. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Mikrobiol. The ability of chemoautotrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria to thrive through the energy gained by inorganic processes is the basis for the metabolic activities of the so-called extremophiles . Evidence for the presence of ribulose 1,5-bisphos-phate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase in Methylo-coccus capsulatus (Bath). Tap here to review the details. Google Scholar. 3, 37077, Gttingen, Germany, You can also search for this author in Natl. 0000082031 00000 n hA 04q\GcwzC. [citation needed], As Liebig's law of the minimum notes, the essential element present in the smallest amount (called limiting factor) is the one that determines the growth rate of a population. Autotrophic bacteria Springer-Verlag Berlin and Science Tech Publishers Madison WI 1732, Zillig, W., Yeats, S., Holz, I., Bck, A., Gropp, F., Rettenberger, M., Lutz, S. 1985 Plasmid-related anaerobic autotrophy of the novel archaebacterium Sulfolobus ambivalens Nature 313 789791, Zillig, W., Yeats, S., Holz, I., Bck, A., Rettenberger, M., Gropp, F., Simon, G. 1986 Desulfurolobus ambivalens gen. nov., sp. Peck, H. D. 1968. 2023 Feb 17;20(4):3587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043587. 0000047357 00000 n To save content items to your account, Archives of Microbiology 118:2126. (trans. [1] Two types of lithoautotrophs are distinguished by their energy source; photolithoautotrophs derive their energy from light while chemolithoautotrophs (chemolithotrophs or chemoautotrophs) derive their . 180 29752982, Whittenbury, R., Kelly, D. P. 1977 Autotrophy: a conceptual phoenix Symp. ber Eisenbacterien. nov.:mixed cultures ferrous iron Microbiology (UK) 142 785790, Cypionka, H., Smock, A. M., Bottcher, M. E. 1998 A combined pathway of sulfur compound disproportionation in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans FEMS Microbiol. 0000002347 00000 n Leng L, Xu X, Wei L, Fan L, Huang H, Li J, Lu Q, Li J, Zhou W. Sci Total Environ. of your Kindle email address below. 1976 Ferric iron reduction by sulfur-and iron-oxidizing bacteria Appl. 1974. 1969 Proposal to reject the genus Hydrogenomonas Int. 160 152157. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology 27:121149. Bacteria which use chemolithotrophic energy metabolism are soil and water species in the order Pseudomonadales, suborder Pseudomonadineae. CrossRef How does their amount of ATP produced compare to chemoorganotrophs? 0000037877 00000 n Measures for Controlling Gaseous Emissions during Composting: A Review. In elementary particle physics, t, Aerobic Bio. 0000007226 00000 n These are called chemolithotrophs. Biochar and mineral-enriched biochar (MEB) have been used as soil amendments to improve soil fertility, sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Natl. Chemolithotrophic bacteria with the ability to use inorganic sources were discovered by Winograsky, one of the modern microbiology pioneers, in late 1880 (1). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons. Colorless sulfur bacteria oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by accepting an electron from the compound. Taylor, S. 1977. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 38:457478. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. 3 (microbial nutrition and cultivation), photosynthetic microorganisms (microbial metabolism), Chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganism, Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria, Energy from visible radiation-Cyanobacteria, Electron uptake by iron oxidizing phototrophic bacteria, Chemoautotrophsand photosynthetic eubacteria, FERMENTATIONS , PHOTOSYNTHESIS & NITROGEN FIXATION, B.Sc Micro II Microbial physiology Unit 1 Bacterial Photosynthesis, Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganisms, SBES College of Science, Aurangabad. Unable to display preview. The plant provides both the location to fix nitrogen, as well as additional nutrients to support the energy-taxing process of nitrogen fixation. Plants, animals, and other organisms rely on bacteria and archaea to provide nitrogen in a fixed form, since no eukaryote is known that can fix nitrogen. Mikrobiol. Phylogenetic tree based on the OTU0001s partial 16S rRNA gene sequence (482 nucleotides) and 16S rRNA gene sequences from related organisms. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in . 0000015197 00000 n Two kinds of lithotrophs missing in nature. Madigan, M., and Martinko, J. Iron is a trace element in marine environments. : microelectrode survey of marine and freshwater strains Appl. Eisenbakterien als Anorgoxydanten. A problem posed by the chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is the elucidation of the mechanism by which elemental sulfur and the sulfane-sulfur (-S-) of the thionic acids are converted to sulfite. Suzuki, I. Bacteriol. nov. Archives of Microbiology 118:3543. To save content items to your account, Stannous and cuprous ion oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. eCollection 2022. 134 718727, Edwards, M. R. 1998 From a soup or a seed? General Microbiology by Linda Bruslind is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Entropy ), Companion to microbiology. %%EOF Brierley, C. L., Brierley, J. Download preview PDF. 59 218225, Lyalikova, N. N. 1972 Oxidation of trivalent antimony up to higher oxides as a source of energy for the development of a new autotrophic organism, Stibiobacter gen. nov. [Russian] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 205 12281229, Maden, B. E. H. 1995 No soup for starters? Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 0 Journal of General Microbiology 107:123130. Acad. Comparative biochemistry Academic Press New York 1 347409, Fuchs, T., Huber, H., Burggraf, S., Stetter, K. O. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. 160 306311, Beudeker, R. F., Kerver, J. W. M., Kuenen, J. G. 1981aOccurrence, structure, and function of intracellular polyglucose in the obligate chemolithotroph Thiobacillus neapolitanus Arch. Only the amount needed by the cell is reduced. CAS 43 703708, Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1968 Acetate assimilation by Nitrobacteragilis in relation to its obligateautotrophy. J. Bacteriol. Li M, Li S, Chen S, Meng Q, Wang Y, Yang W, Shi L, Ding F, Zhu J, Ma R, Guo X. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Microbiol. 1963 Thiobacillus intermedius nov. sp. 15 3951, Brock, T. D., Schlegel, H. 1989 Introduction H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.) In this chemolithotrophic reaction, ammonia is oxidized anaerobically as the electron donor while nitrite is utilized as the electron acceptor, with dinitrogen gas produced as a byproduct. The designation autotroph means "self nourishing." ber Schwefelbacterien. 363386, Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P, Gottschal, J. C., Kuenen, J. G. 1979 Autotrophic metabolism of formate by Thiobacillus strain A2 J. Gen. Microbiol. Then enter the name part This is a type of dissimilatory nitrate reduction where the nitrate is being reduced during energy conservation, not for the purposes of making organic compounds. In: Florkin, M., Mason, H. S. Kelly, D. P. 1978. 1979 Chemosynthetic primary production at East Pacific sea floor spreading centres Bioscience 29 592598, Jones, C. A., Kelly, D. P. 1983 Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on ferrous iron in chemostat culture: influence of product and substrate inhibition J. Chem. 146 382389, Zavarzin, G. A. Microbiol. Oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. 42 317324, Schauder, R., Widdel, F., Fuchs, G. 1987 Carbon assimilation pathways in sulfate-reducing bacteria. 1998 Phylogeny of dissimilatory sulfite reductases supports an early origin of sulfate respiration J. Bacteriol. Just like denitrification, the anammox reaction removes fixed nitrogen from a local environment, releasing it to the atmosphere. Reisolation of the carbon monoxide utilizing hydrogen bacterium Pseudomonas carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. Journal of Bacteriology 91:10621069. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Lett. 47 508516, Gde, H., Strohl, W. R., Larkin, J. M. 1981 Mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth of Beggiatoaalba in continuous culture Arch. "Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria 14. - 103.138.151.18. Two other bacteria belonging to the genus Thiobacillus and a novel group within the Oxalbacteraceae were enriched only on the MEBs and they had the genetic capacity for thiosulfate oxidation. Metal recovery from sulfide minerals is based on the activity of chemolithotrophic bacteria, mainly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, which convert insoluble metal sulfides into soluble metal sulfates.Non-sulfide ores and minerals can be treated by . Advances in Microbial Physiology 3:159196. 2. 0000017694 00000 n Most life on Earth depends, either directly or indirectly, on sunlight and photosynthesis to generate organic carbon and cellular energy. 11 2657, Segerer, A., Stetter, K. O., Klink, F. 1985 Two contrary modes of chemolithotrophy in the same bacterium Nature 313 787789, Segerer, A., Neuner, A., Kristjansson, J. K., Stetter, K. O. We've encountered a problem, please try again. An example of one of these prokaryotes would be Sulfolobus. London: Academic Press. [6][7][8][9] Most animals and fungi are examples of chemoheterotrophs, as are halophiles. Indeed, the most dangerous for artifacts are the . dkNET Office Hours - "Are You Ready for 2023: New NIH Data Management and Sha REGENERATIVE BRAKING IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES.pptx, Easy-handling carbon nanotubes decorated poly(arylene ether nitrile).pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Chemoautotrophs thrive in such an environment. Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 31;13:997292. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997292. Chemoautotrophs include bacteria, fungi , animals, and protozoa . Some prokaryotes grow by using reduced inorganic compounds as their energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. [1] These molecules can be organic ( chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic ( chemolithotrophs ). Autotrophy and the origins of metabolism Trends Biochem. Microbiol. 0000055870 00000 n 0000016985 00000 n Biosphere 25 251264, Gommers, P. J. F., Kuenen, J. G. 1988 Thiobacillus strain Q, a chemolithoheterotrophic sulphur bacterium Arch. 0000016244 00000 n Microbiol. 107 123130, Katayama, Y., Hiraishi, A., Kuraishi, H. 1995 Paracoccus thiocyanatus sp. 15 229233, Kelly, D. P., Kuenen, J. G. 1984 Ecology of the colourless sulphur bacteria G. A. Codd (ed.) Bacteriol. van Verseveld, H. W., Stouthamer, A. H. 1978. Zeitschrift fr Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 17:491493. Lett. hasContentIssue true, Introduction to bacterial physiology and metabolism, Composition and structure of prokaryotic cells, Membrane transport nutrient uptake and protein excretion, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, Heterotrophic metabolism on substrates other than glucose, Energy, environment and microbial survival, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790461.011, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Microbial growth on C1-compounds American Society for Microbiology Washington D. C. Kelly, D. P. 1985 Crossroads for archaebacteria Nature 313 734, Kelly, D. P. 1987 Sulphur bacteria first again Nature 326 830831, Kelly, D. P. 1988 Oxidation of sulphur compounds Soc. 47 593595, Beh, M., Strauss, G., Huber, R., Stetter, K. O., Fuchs, G. 1993 Enzymes of the reductive citric acid cycle in the autotrophic eubacterium Aquifex neutrophilus Arch. Front Plant Sci. 363386 In: Bull, A. T., Meadow, P. M. Winogradsky, S., 1888. Appl. (1981). Kelly, D. P. 1971. Whereas there is no known macrofauna possessing the capability of chemolithotrophy, some animals such as particular tubeworms and bivalves can form symbioses with chemolithotrophs, (e.g., at cold seeps or in hydrothermal environments). Microbiol. Total loading time: 0 0000015112 00000 n 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Aerobic refers to oxygen as it concerns an organism. 17. Thus, mixotrophy can enable these bacteria to dominate in mixed populations when both chemolithotrophic and chemoorganotrophic nutrients are present (Gottschal et al., 1979; Kelly and Kuenen, 1984). Chemolithotrophy sulfur oxidation metabolism. ber Schwefelbacterien. Oxidation kinetics and chemo-stat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathio-nate and thiosulfate. 8 197203, You can also search for this author in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 54:869873. 171 219229, Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P. 2000 The genus Thiobacillus Beijerinck N. R. Krieg, J. T. Staley, and D. J. Brenner (ed.s) Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, 2nd ed. Acad. nov., and Acidianus brierleyi comb. ), Bacterial leaching. The role of microorganisms in the weathering of minerals has long been recognized ().More recent interest in the role of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) has been driven by the recognition that Fe(II)-bearing mineral phases, such as Fe(II)-silicates and pyrite, represent a potential wealth of energy to fuel chemolithotrophic metabolisms, both terrestrially and on other rocky planetary bodies . Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. CrossRef 1943 Biochemical problems of the chemoautotrophic bacteria Physiol. The observation of such flexibility should stimulate us to ask just how adaptable the physiology of the lithotrophs may be: whether, for example . In a reaction, the reactant molecules come together a, In classical physics, energy is defined as the amount of work a body or system is capable of doing against a force. Rittenberg, SC. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23:319324. Ammonia-oxidising Crenarchaeota: important players in the nitrogen cycle? Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P., Gottschal, J. C., Kuenen, J. G. 1979. 20 107112, Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P., Norris, P. R. 1987 Autotrophic growth of four Sulfolobus strains on tetrathionate and the effect of organic nutrients Arch. Department-Microbiology(2nd semester) Bookshelf 2019 May 10;664:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.298. Marine ecology John Wiley & Sons London. National Library of Medicine The bacteria live in the plant's tissue, often in root nodules, fixing nitrogen and sharing the results. Microbiol. Ph.D. Thesis. 26 slides Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria Gayatri R. Kachh 1.9k views 11 slides photosynthetic microorganisms (microbial metabolism) Nidhi Jodhwani 973 views 15 slides Energy from visible radiation-Cyanobacteria JerimonPJ 110 views 20 slides Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteria ramukhan

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