[23] However, Hassan was reluctant to authorise it, fearing that another battle would prompt further military intervention from Algeria's allies. Although the conflict is by no means resolved, U.S. recognition is a major win for Morocco and therefore . [28] For these reasons, the Cuban government formed the Grupo Especial de Instruccin to be sent to Algeria. After Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912, the French administration set borders between the two territories, but these tracks were often misidentified (Varnier line in 1912, Trinquet line in 1938), and varied from one map to another,[19] since for the French administration these were not international borders and the area was virtually uninhabited. "At the moment there are still many question marks over the origins of the attack; some early research suggests that the location where it took place is considered Moroccan by Rabat but under the control of the Polisario by Algiers," Alice Gower, director of geopolitics and security at the London-based political adviser Azure Strategy, told DW by phone. Over the past few decades, both countries have been actively purchasing modern high-tech weapons and constantly building up their defense capabilities. The Polisario Front fought a long war against Morocco to win the independence of the disputed Western Saharan territory. And the combination of historical traditions, ideology and large gas resources allows the PRDA to successfully withstand any external pressure, including from the US, Western Europe and the member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG). The Algerian War was very violent as hundreds of thousands were killed. [17] The conflict ended with the annexation of the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt complex by France in 1901.[18]. After Algeria achieved independence, Morocco . The Algerian and Moroccan militaries rank second and fifth in Africa, respectively, and shell out dizzying sums to acquire the latest equipment. Algeria has openly backed the Polisario Front separatist movement, which defends the right of theSahrawi people to self-determination. Against the background of these media reports, Britain is already trying to use the armed conflict, which has not yet begun, suddenly remembering that it has had a friendship treaty with Morocco since the 18th century. [20] The discovery of large deposits of oil and minerals (iron, manganese) in the region led France to define more precisely the territories, and in 1952 the French decided to integrate Tindouf and Colomb-Bechar to the French departments of Algeria. Not a week goes by without a new report of an attack on Moroccos defensive wall. Arab . Reports also suggest that the newly appointed commander of Moroccos armed forces is a favourite with the Americans. can rely on a broad social and political consensus that the Western Sahara should be Moroccan and he has little criticism to fear from his own people," Sonja Hegasy, Vice Director at the Berlin-based Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (Leibniz Center for the Modern Orient, ZMO), told DW on the phone. The border between Algeria and . November 2020 unleashed pandora's box following the military intervention in Guerguerat and Washington's recognition of Rabat's sovereignty over Western Sahara. Algeria is a strategically located country with which the United States engages on diplomatic, law enforcement, economic, and security matters. During the Algerian War of Independence, the Algerian rebels received funding from Morocco along with safe havens, arms, and medicine. The United Nations has attempted to negotiate a settlement on the dispute, but Trump's announcement means the United States will be the first Western nation to officially endorse Morocco's claims. The Africa Report takes stock of the forces at play and the risk of confrontation between the two North African giants. Lifetime health cover loading for migrants | CHOICE. So far, Morocco has denied any involvement in the bombings that took . Copyright 2014 - 2023. Morocco is a strong partner in counterterrorism efforts and works closely with U.S. law enforcement to safeguard both countries' national security interests. The Sand War or the Sands War (Arabic: , romanized:arb ar-Riml) was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco in October 1963. Algerian Foreign Minister . A year . Despite a truce in 1991, both sides have been at loggerheads for years. . Lucky them. I also predict that after the game, scum of Moroccan descent will start rioting again in our cities. Given the recent turn of events, it is impossible to believe that Moroccos King Mohammed VI will be content to simply wield the soft power of consensus and regional cooperation once again. Algeria does not want war with Morocco, but it is ready to do so, the article said, and pointed to Algerias allegedly heightened concern about strengthening military cooperation between Israel and Morocco after they signed a defense agreement in November 2021, as a second reason for the strained relations. In short, Mohammed VI, the supreme commander and chief of general staff of the Royal Armed Forces (FAR), appears bent on using military force to defend the kingdom's claims to what it considers its. The first attempt led to a ten-year, incredibly violent war that lasted through the 1990s and failed to change the source of power in the country. [29] The Soviet Union supplied Algeria with ten T-34 tanks, but these were equipped for clearing minefields and were delivered without turrets or armament. The Moroccan regime seems determined to respond to Algerias acts of diplomatic hostility with military action, as Mohammed VIs recent appointment of Lieutenant General Belkhir el-Farouks as inspector general of the FAR goes to show. The Sand War led to heightened tensions between the two countries for several decades. Morocco, in turn, has been receiving about 10% of its gas supply as compensation. "The Western Sahara dossier is the bargaining chip that shapes tensions between Algiers and Rabat," Ghebouli told Al Jazeera.. Compounding the new Algerian attitude towards Morocco's Western Sahara stance was the outcome of the 1963 Sand War between the two neighbors. The Moroccan UNFP and the Algerian-Berber FFS of At Ahmed both suffered as a result of this. [7], The Sand War laid the foundations for a lasting and often intensely hostile rivalry between Morocco and Algeria, exacerbated by the differences in political outlook between the conservative Moroccan monarchy and the revolutionary, Arab nationalist Algerian military government. [38] On October 29, Hassan and Ben Bella met to negotiate in Bamako, Mali, joined by Emperor Selassie and Mali's President Modibo Keta. Since then, relations between Algeria and Morocco have been going downhill withambassadors being recalled,borders closed, accusations for sparking forest fires being thrown around,airspaces being blocked and the killing of three Algerian truck drivers adding fuel to the fire. 192. Amid growing tensions between the two countries, it reduces the chances of nationalist escalation and incidents that might even lead to war. Algeria's hostility toward Morocco since its independence in 1962 is considered a real enigma by many foreign observers. The signs of the end of the cold war between Morocco and Spain did not turn out to be such good news. Algeria said . Algeria broke off diplomatic relations with Morocco in August 2021, accusing Rabat of "hostile acts". The issue that would come to most dominate Algeria-Morocco relations in the 20th and 21st centuries is undoubtedly the question of Western Sahara. In a military confrontation between Algeria and Morocco, who would probably win in the air and on the ground? In a carefully calculated moveaimed at neutralising the reach of the Moroccan military - which had formerly attempted a coup under the rule of King Hassan II - Mohammed VI placed the security of the royal palace and compound in the hands of the countrys armed forces. Absolutely not Definitely yes 2 4 Though Algerias official press service, Algrie Presse Service, routinely picks up these stories, they are a perplexing mix of fact and fiction. Algeria's foreign policy is driven by pragmatism. With the breakdown of the status quo, the nearly 50-year-old antagonism between the countries is now playing out on the military front. What is happening between Morocco and Algeria? ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 22:34. This entry last reviewed on 01/05/2023. READ MORE Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King. Get full access to The Africa Report on all your devices. The U.N. General Assembly voted overwhelmingly on Thursday, the eve of the first anniversary of Russia's invasion, in favor of a resolution calling for an end to the war and demanding that . Atlantic Council experts react to the deal between Israel, Morocco, and the United States, and what it means for the wider MENA region: Your response is private Was this worth your time? [23], During the Algerian War, Morocco backed the National Liberation Front, Algeria's leading nationalist movement, in its guerrilla campaign against the French. What is happening between Morocco and Algeria? Leading up to the final days of Trump's period in the White House, the former president signed a decree officially acknowledging (by America) Morocco's claim that the disputed territory is a legitimate sovereign part of the kingdom. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. This agreement wasmuch to Algeria's dismay as it has been a firm supporter of the local Polisario Front with the Sahrawi group that seeks independence for the region. Drones are light, cheap and easily transported and hidden. French colonial rule in Algeria lasted 132 years, beginning in 1830 with the invasion of the capital, Algiers, and continuing until the war for independence, which concluded with the signing of the Evian Accords in March 1962. Reco [36] Its forces included twenty-two T-34 tanks, eighteen 120-mm mortars, a battery of 57-mm recoilless rifles, anti-aircraft artillery with eighteen guns, and eighteen 122mm field guns with the crews to operate them. A Basquiat painting soared 2,209,900% when it was bought for $5,000 and sold for $110,500,000 in 2017. Algeria keeps a strong cultural relationship with Iran, a legacy of its ensure neutrality. "Morocco is right to be worried", said the U.S. columnist, stressing that drones may not enable its users to win a war but they can inflict severe damage on various targets, from tourist centers to military installations to vital power grids and power stations. The EU and the Nato have proved crucial in bringing together their member states around a coordinated response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The appointment of a senior officer whose credentials include several military campaigns inWestern Sahara is an unmistakable message to Algiers: Rabat is ready to respond with military force if Algerias generals continue pressuring Morocco and ultimately initiate hostilities. Algeria currently enjoys very strong relations with Russia. [21], In 1956 France relinquished its protectorate in Morocco, which immediately demanded the return of the disputed departments, especially Tindouf. Their untimely mediatised exchange just happened to come after the African Lion 21, but also just after the strengthening of military cooperation between Rabat and Washington. Who is Nigerias president-elect Bola Tinubu? The United States has maintained friendly relations with Algeria throughout the political upheavals of recent years, and the country continues to seek out stronger economic and political ties. [4] In case of war or state of siege, an additional force of 150,000 Reservists[citation needed] and paramilitary forces, including 24,000 regulars of the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie and 30,000 Auxiliary Forces come under the Ministry of Defense command.. About Morocco Army Arabic :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: ) . 215 195 20 . And it does not help that Algiers embarked on an anything but brotherly arms race some 15 years ago that spurred Rabat to do the same, with Algeria buying up Russian-made military gear and Morocco turning to Western weapons suppliers. 3:18 PM - 4 October, 2021. Diplomatic disputes between the two countries occur frequently, usually related to their opposing stances on the Western Sahara issue.The two fought a short border war in 1963 and Algeria is the host and main supporter of the Polisario Front, which seeks . A presidential statement confirms that Tebboune had given the order to not renew the contract "in light of the hostile behavior of the (Moroccan) kingdom which undermines national unity.". The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: Front de Libration Nationale - FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. [31] This prompted further attempts at negotiations, but these proved ineffectual as well. Let the Morocco and Algeria see who is more powerful. Bangladesh. Regarding two of the countries that share a history of colonialism and war with France, Morocco and Algeria, Macron recalled that the largest diaspora in the Maghreb is precisely on French territory. Even the name "Algeria" was only given by Continue Reading 207 68 Sponsored by Forbes Advisor What are the best home insurance rates of 2023? READ MORE This year's AU could work to Morocco's advantage over Western Sahara. Interestingly, the recent Macron statement came during a . [32], French sources reported Algerian casualties to be 60 dead and 250 wounded,[6] with later works giving a number of 300 Algerian dead. Even in regions where Ben Bella's regime remained deeply unpopular, such as Kabylie, the population offered to take up arms against the Moroccan invaders. [33], On October 22, hundreds of Cuban troops arrived at Oran. The Kingdom of Morocco had criticised the move by Algeria and labelled it "completely unjustified but expected" unilateral decision. [29], Despite internal discontent with the Algerian government, most of the country supported the war effort, which Algerians generally perceived as an act of Moroccan aggression. Algeria, meanwhile, achieved liberation in 1962 after a long and bloody civil war. Lachance Lives in Ottawa, ON Author has 315 answers and 336.4K answer views 6 y Related Did Morocco help Algeria gain independence? The Western Sahara conflict. However, the contract between Algeria's state-owned energy company Sonatrach and the Moroccan National Office for Energy and Potable Water (ONEE) ended without renewal in late October this year. Good news if tourist visa is the correct choice for the purpose of your trip to Algeria. [8] Morocco officially reported to have suffered 39 dead. In this paper, I argue that the Algeria-Morocco diplomatic crisis is a modern-day "Sand War," taking escalation from the previous internal conflict of the '60s and modernizing the mechanisms and problem at hand that have continuously stirred conflict in the Northern Africa region. Relations between arch-enemies Morocco and Algeria have hit a new low after three Algerian truck drivers were killed on Monday. By Andrew G. Farrand. Although the Moroccan state did not interfere in the annexation of the Tuat region, several Moroccan tribes independently sent volunteers to fight against the French. The Algerian Communist Party (French: Parti Communiste Algrien; Arabic: ) was a communist party in Algeria. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. Algeria, meanwhile, achieved liberation in 1962 after a long and bloody civil war. [26], The Algerian military, recently formed from the guerrilla ranks of the FLN's Arme de Libration Nationale (ALN), was still oriented towards asymmetric warfare, and had few heavy weapons. Algeria has openly backed the Polisario Front separatist movement, which defends the right of theSahrawi people to self-determination. [25] These factors prompted Hassan to begin moving troops towards Tindouf. These developments were all it took for both countries media outlets to launch into virulent and often insulting smear campaigns against the opposing side. First, it should not be forgotten that such an escalation between these countries could hit gas prices, which could be particularly painful for Europe. And in a deal brokered by the US, the kingdom agreed to resume diplomatic relations with Israel, a long-standing taboo for Algeria which also happens to be the Polisario Fronts main backer. November 2020 unleashed pandora's box following the military intervention in Guerguerat and Washington's recognition of Rabat's sovereignty over Western Sahara. In the case of UNFP, its leader, Mehdi Ben Barka, sided with Algeria, and was sentenced to death in absentia as a result. New hurdles for rescuers at sea in the Mediterranean, Tunisia: Presidential scapegoating stokes fear and support, Canada Soccer president resigns amid equal pay dispute, Thousands of migrants have died in Southern Texas. [23] Morocco finally abandoned all claims to Algerian territory in 1972 with the Accord of Ifrane, though Morocco refused to ratify the agreement until 1989.[43]. During its last years of being part of France, Algeria was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community. This helps us sort answers on the page. Algeria would eventually win unless Morocco comes up with a solid plan. "Algeria, The Maghreb Union, and the Western Sahara Stalemate. Following this first phase, the Moroccan monarch now seems to be wielding the hard power of military and economic pressure, in an attempted strategic play by Rabat to bend the will of Algiers. The United States should firmly grasp any new chance . 'Jeune Afrique' magazine continues to be banned in Algeria, where it, too, has become a casualty of the tensions between the two countries. Palace security had up till then been overseen by the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie and the General Directorate for National Security. This article has been translated from theMEE French edition. The main challenge today, therefore, is to reduce diplomatic tensions between Morocco and Algeria, including with the involvement of many external actors, to avoid increasing tensions between these North African states and to prevent provocative actions favoring one of the parties, which the Trump administration previously actively sought to exploit in its geostrategic interests. [39], The ceasefire was almost jeopardized on November 1, when Algerian troops assaulted a village near Figuig and positioned themselves against the town's airport. The 10% cut of energy supply is a setback for Morocco as well, since the country has to import about 95% of its energy. Drilat is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. [28] They also suspected that Washington was hoping the war would precipitate Ben Bella's downfall, which Castro was determined to prevent. Despite ambiguous sentiment in Algeria concerning its former colonial power, France has maintained a historically favored position in Algerian foreign relations. [35] Just years after the victory of their own revolution, many Cubans identified with the Algerians and were eager to support them. Marinid Sultanate (1244-1465) [ edit] Wattasid Sultanate (1472-1554) [ edit] Saadi Sultanate (1510-1659) [ edit] Alaouite Sultanate (1668-1912) [ edit] Kingdom of Morocco (1956-present) [ edit] References [ edit] ^ Mrini, Driss; Alaoui, Ismal (1997). "Morocco is in a difficult position where it needs to repair its relationship with the EU at the moment, and particularly now it wants to complete that process so it can focus its diplomatic efforts on the situation with Algeria. It doesn't have the capability to handle both at the same time," Gower said. [23] Terms of this agreement included a reaffirmation of the previously established borders in Algeria's favor and restoration of the status quo. Algeria is Africas largest country, positioning itself as a regional power with its own principles. [28] The Algerian army had ordered a large number of AMX-13 light tanks from France in 1962,[29] but, at the time of the fighting, only twelve were in service. The views of the authors do not necessarily coincide with the opinion of the editorial board. Federica Saini Fasanotti. The governments of both Morocco and Algeria used the war to describe opposition movements as unpatriotic. "There might be some effort to whip up support domestically and to try and create an enemy which therefore empowers the Algerian elite and the regime again. Moroccan activism, Algerian tension Algeria has been using the Gaz-Maghreb-Europe pipeline (GME) for the past 25 years to deliver natural gas to Spain and Portugal via Morocco. It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to portions of Algeria's Tindouf and Bchar provinces. Morocco already has an irreconcilable enemy in the region, the hated Algeria. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. The Moroccan viceroy of Tafilalt who was in charge of collecting tribute from the region refrained from interfering in the conflict, and thus the local tribes were left to fend for themselves. The war occurred in three distinct phases: initially France failed to understand who she was fighting and why, secondly the government seized the initiative and began to impose loses on the enemy three years after fighting began. Morocco won the confrontation, but Algeria appeared . A laureate of the Royal Military Academy, Farouk began in the infantry, before occupying several key military positions, including commander of the southern provinces, the position he filled for nearly 40 years and that has been virtually vacant since 2017. The nation holds a PwrIndx* score of 0.3911 (a score of 0.0000 is considered 'perfect'). Vladimir Odintsov, political observer, exclusively for the online magazine New Eastern Outlook. But Algeria's president, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, has already warned Morocco that "their killings will not go unpunished,"as the state news agency APS reports. Evoking friendly meetings with Morocco's King Mohamed VI and Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Macron said he wanted to focus on what the . Please enable Javascript in order to access to this story. The Africa Report takes an in-depth look at the forces involved. Morocco meanwhile claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and sees its extended autonomy proposal as a solution to the conflict. Algerias attachment to its principles and its determination not to deviate from them are a source of irritation to the Makhzen [Moroccos governing institution], and an impediment to the regimes questionable regional projects, the lieutenant general is quoted as saying. Is now playing out on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King between Morocco and Spain did not out... Over the past few decades, both countries media outlets to launch into virulent and often insulting campaigns! 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