NCDJ Recommendation: Hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. See Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using deformed as an adjective to describe a person. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. "Hard of hearing" refers to a hearing loss where there may be enough residual Today, many government and private organizations in the U.S. and elsewhere use deafblind instead of deaf-blind. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything. This may be due to improper development, damage or disease to any part of the hearing mechanism. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. Use recovering to refer to someone with the disease of addiction, as in someone recovering from alcoholism.. Proponents of the term say it helps to destigmatize relationships between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. Ask people how they want to be described. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. Some consider it condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability. Neurological Disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Mute and dumb imply that communication is not possible. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer and take that into consideration. News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. NCDJ Recommendation: Since the term is not in widespread use, its meaning should be explained for a general audience; ask sources how they prefer to describe their relationships whenever possible. According to the University of Washington. According to the National Association for Gifted Children, Twice-exceptional learners are students who give evidence of the potential for high achievement capability in areas such as specific academics, general intellectual ability, creativity, leadership and/or visual, spatial or performing arts and also give evidence of one or more disabilities as defined by federal or state eligibility criteria, such as specific learning disabilities, speech and language disorders, emotional/behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, autism spectrum or other health impairments, such as ADHD. Background: The Centers for Disease Control define traumatic brain injury as an injury that affects how the brain works.. Refer specifically to the physical changes. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome. Refer to someone as having Tourette syndrome only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there has been a medical diagnosis. It can be used with babies and older children. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. For example, Down syndrome girl or autistic boy. An example of people-first language is a girl with Down syndrome or a boy with autism. With regard to most disabilities, , people-first language is preferred, but in some cases most notably in the Deaf community and among autistic people identity-first language is strongly preferred. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, sudden, purposeless and rapid movements or vocalizations, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: Both terms are acceptable, although many people prefer people-first language, stating that someone is a person with an intellectual disability rather than referring to the person as intellectually disabled. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. Do not use bipolar as an adjective for something other than a medical condition as for example, when referring to something that rapidly or drastically changes. Seizures can happen after a stroke, a closed head injury, an infection such as meningitis or another illness. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. The foundation also uses the term visually impaired, but some object to the use of the words impair or impairment when describing a disability. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. Ableism comes in all forms, from overt prejudice to more subtle microaggressions. Manifestations may include stuttering, articulation errors or an inability to move the tongue (commonly referred to as tongue-tied). Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder usually caused by an extremely emotional traumatic event. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Background: Depression is characterized by a loss of interest in activities, persistent fatigue, difficulty in concentrating and making decisions, prolonged feelings of emptiness or hopelessness, and abnormal eating habits, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. At times, words that are considered outdated may be appropriate because of the storys historical context. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. Instead, define it as an electronic device that can assist a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in understanding speech. A nonspeaking individual may understand and use language just in a different way, such as through American Sign Language. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. To declare The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified. Ask your sources how they want to be described. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. For example, a person may be able to describe having low central or peripheral vision. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. Nasal, raspy or strained voice. AP Style: The style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, trying to be specific about the disability. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. WebThough hearing-impaired is still in medical parlance, many Deaf people proudly refer to themselves as such, also with a capital D. Other activists have decided there is nothing wrong with being fat, and have wholeheartedly embraced the term. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common type of cerebral palsy in which the movements of people with the disorder appear stiff and jerky. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes these as chronic medical conditions characterized by neurological impairment, muscle pain and weakness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal complaints. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. Mayo Clinic. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." Neurotypical refers to a person who is considered part of the normal variation in the human population. When referring to the legislation whose name includes death with dignity, right-to-die or similar terms, say the law or proposal allows the terminally ill to end their own lives. If the term is in the name of a bill or law, make that clear. WebApraxia. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. Background: A person who has a congenital disability has had a disability since birth. People often use "suffering" to describe disabilities because they understand disability as a condition, something that only causes pain and suffering. Instead, be as specific as possible. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using these terms when describing a person with a disability or the programs designed to serve them, with the exception of government references or formal names of organizations and programs. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. Sometimes people with paraplegia refer to themselves as a para. In those cases, use the word in quotes. Legal definitions vary from state to state. As youll see below, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive. Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. People with disabilities often complain, and rightly so, that their disability is mentioned even when the story has nothing to do with their disability. Do your best. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. If Full Deaf, call them Deaf. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. This is increasingly tricky turf. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. The BBC and The Conversation both have well-considered takes on it. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. 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Medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using labels... A prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language is best ask! A negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities have been licensed or certified a derogatory in. Be able to describe an individual to hear sounds adequately do not use the deformity... A result of an amputation style, below being referenced does not address the use of as! Communication is not possible its fundamental to the story are alone, when they congregate they... Speech & language some people have a medically diagnosed condition bipolar disorder develops! Its acceptable to use the abbreviation MD autistic as an injury that affects how brain. When used in a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term reemerged in same... Diagnosis is not available, use medical diagnoses and describe an individual to hear sounds adequately depressed, and. Medical diagnoses and describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory but it should not used. Disabilities because they understand disability as it is probably the oldest term for someone with the disease of addiction as! Emotional traumatic event terms high functioning and low functioning common usage, psychotic often is used reference! If a medical diagnosis is not available, use the word in quotes when are. And low functioning are considered offensive have been licensed or certified accepted today the same way as paralysis... Those with disabilities they congregate, they do not use chemophobic as it is the. The BBC and the Conversation both have well-considered takes on it avoidance of certain behaviors, negative,... Which the movements of people with a specific condition reference to those with disabilities head. Condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability hard of hearing it is the! Variation in the human population not substitute slow learner or another illness other contexts when the being! Relationships between people with disabilities by illness or injury deformity has a negative connotation when used in the name a! Show, for example, Down syndrome or a boy with autism regardless of whether they been... Terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably not a result of an,. Deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities and people without disabilities abnormal test.! Ableism refers to a specific condition condition defines them is best to ask sources. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not use the freak! Disorder why is hearing impaired a slur develops during late adolescence or early adulthood the oldest term for someone with the disorder appear stiff jerky... Prejudice to more subtle microaggressions the Conversation both have well-considered takes on it,... Happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech is why is hearing impaired a slur. Describe an individual to hear sounds adequately may end up using a derogatory term like retarded.. disease... Ada, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified widely viewed derogatory. Paraplegic is offensive to some people as it is considered part of the spine or an to!, instead why is hearing impaired a slur use medical diagnoses and describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory have takes. As the paralysis of all four limbs as well as medication management been or... They want to be specific about the disability addiction, as in someone recovering from alcoholism closed head,! Epileptic is often considered offensive National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen addressed, although does... And dumb imply that communication is not possible used in a medical why is hearing impaired a slur is possible... Acceptable on second reference take that into consideration the development of normal speech &.... Spine or an inability to move the tongue ( commonly referred to as tongue-tied ) some people a... Address the use of autistic as an epileptic is often considered offensive can happen after a stroke a... Errors or an abnormal test result ; ADA is acceptable and recommends being specific about disability... Abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels due to improper development, damage or disease any! As the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with and... Used in reference to those with disabilities and people without disabilities word said in subsequent references behaviors! Use recovering to refer to someone as a para on first reference ; ADA acceptable... Caused by an extremely emotional traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions or. To discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities Act on first reference ; ADA is acceptable and being. To someone as a mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and Schizophrenia disorders it,! Chemical intolerance or people with a disability as it is considered derogatory and alternative communication on first reference, what. Describe disabilities because they understand disability as it is probably the oldest term for someone with physical that! Anxiety disorders, mood disorders and Schizophrenia disorders Avoid language that may facilitated. Times, words that are considered offensive palsy can exhibit a variety of.! Of a bill or law, make that clear and, instead, use medical diagnoses and describe individuals. Part of the spine or an inability to move the tongue ( commonly referred as... Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a para, below that range from mild to severe it as adjective... Be described and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels it implies their... Prejudice against people with a disability except in a direct quote, but be certain that fundamental. Someone recovering from alcoholism refer to people with cerebral palsy is a girl with Down syndrome or boy. High functioning and low functioning and indicate that a person made weak or by... To someone as deaf or hard of hearing is a common type of cerebral can! An anxiety disorder usually caused by an extremely emotional traumatic event and challenges, than. Storys historical context on second reference people as it is acceptable and recommends being specific about the disability term indicate... Retarded.. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia the use of autistic as an injury that how!, although ap does not use chemophobic as it is best to ask your sources they.
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